Analysis of an IoT-Based Energy Management System to Optimize Solar Power Plant Operations in Smart Buildings

The increasing electricity consumption in modern buildings has driven the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT)-based photovoltaic (PV) systems as part of the smart building concept to enhance energy management efficiency and operational reliability. This study aims to analyze the performance of an IoT-based PV system in conducting real-time monitoring and data transmission, as well as to evaluate the influence of operational parameters on system performance. The proposed system consists of six PV modules with a total capacity of 1.5 kWp, a 1 kW inverter, voltage, current, and temperature sensors, and a NodeMCU ESP8266 for data acquisition and IoT-based communication. Measurement data are transmitted to a cloud platform every five seconds and displayed on a real-time monitoring dashboard. The results demonstrate that the implementation of the IoT-based PV system improves energy management efficiency, accelerates fault detection, reduces maintenance costs, and supports the development of sustainable smart buildings. Furthermore, the proposed monitoring model offers opportunities for future enhancement through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), predictive maintenance, weather forecasting, and Building Management Systems (BMS).