Analysis of the Role of the Sustainable Food Yard Program (P2L) in Enhancing Household Food Security and Welfare in Nagan Raya Regency

This study aims to examine the role of the Sustainable Food Yard Program (Pekarangan Pangan Lestari—P2L) in strengthening household food security and improving household welfare in Nagan Raya Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Specifically, the study evaluates the effectiveness of program implementation, assesses changes in household food expenditure before and after participation in the program, and identifies the food security status of beneficiary households based on selected socioeconomic characteristics. A quantitative survey design was employed involving 92 beneficiary households selected through purposive sampling from a population of 291 program participants. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation, while the data were analyzed using descriptive evaluative analysis, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, and cross-tabulation analysis. The findings reveal that the implementation of the P2L Program achieved an effectiveness level of 70.4%, indicating that the program was implemented effectively. Furthermore, participation in the program significantly reduced household food expenditure by 21.6%, with the average monthly expenditure declining from IDR 1,154,348 to IDR 905,435 (Z = −8.464; p < 0.05). The analysis also indicates that 67.4% of beneficiary households were classified as food secure. Higher levels of food security were observed among households that had participated in the program for more than two years and those capable of marketing surplus produce from their home gardens. These findings demonstrate that the P2L Program contributes substantially to enhancing household food security while simultaneously improving economic welfare through the productive utilization of home gardens.