Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection Challenges in the 5G Era as a Basis for Legal Regulatory Reform

The development of 5G technology has brought about a significant transformation in digital connectivity with high speed, low latency, and extensive network capacity. However, it also poses serious challenges to cybersecurity and personal data protection. Although Indonesia has passed Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection, its implementation still faces significant obstacles, primarily due to the lack of an effective independent supervisory body as stipulated in Article 59. The weakens oversight of personal data processing and increases the risk of data exploitation by irresponsible parties. This situation is exacerbated by the increasing number of IoT devices connected via 5G networks, which opens up opportunities for more complex and widespread cyber threats. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach to analyze existing regulatory gaps and the need for legal reforms that can address the challenges of the digital era. The research findings show that legal regulatory reforms, including strengthening the role of regulatory bodies and adjusting legal provisions related to personal data protection, are crucial for ensuring cybersecurity in the 5G era and providing effective protection for the public and critical digital infrastructure. Thus, this research is expected to form the basis for recommendations for adaptive and responsive legal policies to technological dynamics, particularly in the context of personal data protection and cyber risk mitigation.