Problems of Registration of Mining Business Permits in The ESDM Modi System from The Perspective of State Administrative Law

Mining Business Permit (IUP) registration is an administrative activity with significant legal implications in the mining sector in Indonesia. With the implementation of the MODI ESDM system, the government seeks to improve the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of the licensing process. However, the practice of IUP registration through MODI ESDM still faces various legal and administrative issues that impact legal certainty for permit holders. This study aims to analyze these issues from the perspective of State Administrative Law (HTUN), specifically regarding the principles of legality, legal certainty, transparency, and accountability of government administration. The research method used is normative and conceptual with a statutory approach, reviewing Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning Minerals and Coal, Government Regulation No. 96 of 2021, and Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, as well as relevant legal literature. The results of the study indicate that although MODI ESDM can expedite the registration process, there are several problems such as technical system disruptions, unclear permit status, and delays in validation that have the potential to give rise to administrative disputes at the PTUN. This research emphasizes the need for improved administrative mechanisms, strengthened operational guidelines, and enhanced outreach and training for system users. This will optimize the implementation of the HTUN principle, maintain legal certainty, and support a healthy investment climate in the mining sector.