Integration of Law, Economics, and Environmental Science in Realizing Equitable and Sustainable Global Resource Governance

The increasingly complex global environmental crisis demands a resource governance approach that is no longer sectoral, but rather integrative, involving the disciplines of law, economics, and environmental science. This study aims to analyze how the integration of these three disciplines can create a just and sustainable model for global resource governance. Using normative legal research methods with a conceptual and comparative approach, this study examines various national and international legal instruments, such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 concerning the Economic Value of Carbon, and the 2015 Paris Agreement. The analysis shows that law serves as a normative framework to ensure certainty and fairness in resource management, economics acts as an incentive instrument through carbon market mechanisms and green investment, while environmental science provides an empirical basis for evidence-based policymaking. Integration of these three is necessary to create multi-level governance that balances the interests of development and environmental conservation. This study also recommends strengthening global coordination through the application of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) and harmonization of regulations between countries to support the transition to sustainable prosperity.